The easiest way to understand the Smart Contract concept is to think of it as a program that tests for conditions and triggers events if the conditions are met. This is very similar to how paper contracts work.
Two parties make an agreement that something will be done if certain conditions are met, and if the conditions are not met then the thing does not get done. An example might be that you agree to pay a builder as each stage of a building project is completed.
Normally this would require the builder to notify you that the job has been done, for example by sending you an invoice for the work that has been completed. You might then send somebody to inspect the work and make sure it is satisfactory. Then you would probably pay the invoice and the builder would begin the next stage of building.
The process as just described is very slow. Using a Smart Contract could help speed this process up. A better way would be instead of the tedious process of sending an invoice, waiting for you to receive it, waiting for the work to be approved, and waiting to receive your payment, the builder could simply click a button on a form to indicate that the work is ready for inspection.
Your Smart Contract then automatically transfers funds into escrow and notifies the builder that this has been done. The builder could begin ordering materials for the next stage of the project immediately.
Your inspector can mark the work as satisfactory using a similar process, and the funds can be transferred instantly from escrow to the builder’s account.
Instead of a week or two of delay, everything could be taken care of in one day. That is the potential benefit offered by Smart Contracts.
Smart Contracts need to be created by programmers
Ordinary paper contracts are created by lawyers. They’re usually very complicated documents intended to give one party an advantage over the other party. Lawyers go to great lengths to conceal the advantage, which is why the other party needs a lawyer to uncover the concealed bias and correct it. Huge costs, huge delays, and an environment of distrust. There’s a lot not to like about typical paper contracts.
Smart Contracts are written by programmers. They’re not written in human language, they’re written in computer code, and because of that, they’re actually much simpler than paper contracts.
Computer programs require a specific syntax, and it must be followed precisely. Try as you may to conceal anything, there will always be people who can uncover what you’re attempting to do.
This makes a Smart Contract potentially more fair and transparent than a paper contract. The downside is that unless you know how to write the computer program to create the Smart Contract, you will need to hire a programmer to help with that.
You can do almost anything with Smart Contracts
The example given in the introduction of this article gives a business scenario. The potential uses for Smart Contracts are not limited to business.
You could, for example, create a casino game with a Smart Contract. That would be a natural application for blockchain technology, though it would also cause a lot of legal consternation (due to the fact that gambling license laws are presently geared to legal tender and tangible assets, where cryptocurrency is a virtual asset that has value only by consent of a group with no legal authority, and is not legal tender in any country, even though governments are quite willing to tax capital gains made through the use of it).
This is just one example of how Smart Contracts can be used in unconventional ways. You can even use Smart Contracts for purposes not connected to finance. One way this technology has been used, for example, is to create a decentralized cloud storage system.
At present there are few existing blockchain applications, but it is expected that there will be more and more blockchain-based applications emerging over time. If you are a developer, it would be worth investigating the potential of blockchain for the applications you create. If you are a business owner, blockchain offers opportunity for you to streamline business operations.